Wildfires sparked by volcanic explosions ravaged Antarctica’ James Ross Island – once home to lush vegetation and dinosaurs – 75 million years ago, study finds
- Fossilized plants from the late Cretaceous period were uncovered in Antarctica
- Scientists analyzed the samples and found charcoal characteristics
- This means Antarctica experienced wildfires 75 million years ago
- They were likely started by volcano activity on James Ross Island
Antarctica was on fire 75 million years ago, according to a team of international scientists, who uncovered fossilized plants with characteristics of charcoal dating to when dinosaurs roamed the Earth.
The once lush forests on James Ross Island were scorched during the late Cretaceous period (100 million to 66 million years ago), which experts say may have been fueled by volcanic activity caused by tectonics.
The charcoal fragments are believed to be burned gymnosperm, a group of seed-producing plants that includes conifers, cycads, Ginkgoand gnetophytes, which the scientists say are likely rom a botanical family of coniferous trees called Araucariaceae.
‘The Cretaceous ‘high-fire’ period was a global event that reached almost all continental masses during that period in Earth’s history’, but the new study shows these blazes reached as far south as Antarctica.
Antarctica was on fire 75 million years ago, according to a team of international scientists who uncovered fossilized plants (pictured) with characteristics of charcoal dating to when dinosaurs roamed the Earth
The study is the first to identify fossilized macro-charcoal from James Ross Island, ‘confirming that palaeo-wildfires occurred in the Campanian vegetation preserved in the Santa Marta Formation,’ the researchers wrote.
The research has been published in the scientific journal Polar Research.
Millions of years ago, Antarctica was a utopia with green vegetation and flowering plants, but volcanoes also filled the landscape that transformed the paradise into uninhabitable inferno.
The study’s lead researcher, Flaviana Jorge de Lima, a paleobiologist at Federal University of Pernambuco in Recife, Brazil, said in a statement to Live Science: ‘This discovery expands the knowledge about the occurrence of vegetation fires during the Cretaceous, showing that such episodes were more common than previously imagined.’
The James Ross Archipelago is located next to the western tip of the Antarctic Peninsula and exposes a sedimentary succession known as the Marambio Group of the Larsen Basin.
The once lush forests on James Ross Island were scorched during the late Cretaceous period (100 million to 66 million years ago), which experts say may have been fueled by volcanic activity caused by tectonics
The fossilized samples were analyzed under a stereomicroscope, a binocular microscope that gives a relatively low-power stereoscopic view of the subject. This allowed the team to see deep inside the fossilized plants, revealing homogenized cell walls that confirms the samples were charred
The fossilized samples were analyzed under a stereomicroscope, a binocular microscope that gives a relatively low-power stereoscopic view of the subject.
This allowed the team to see deep inside the fossilized plants, revealing homogenized cell walls that confirms the samples were charred.
‘Antarctica had intense volcanic activity caused by tectonics during the Cretaceous, as suggested by the presence of fossil remains in strata related to ash falls,’ the researchers wrote in the study.
‘It is plausible that volcanic activity ignited the palaeo-wildfire that created the charcoal reported here.
Pictured is an artist impression of wildfires ripping through Antarctica during the Cretaceous
‘Volcanic activity was also the probable cause proposed for charcoal occurring in the Cretaceous deposits on Nelson Island.’
Nelson Island, located in West Antarctica, is the first region on the continent to produce evidence of ancient wildfires.
An expedition in 2015 found similar fossilized plants that also included charcoal characteristics.
HOW THE DINOSAURS WENT EXTINCT AROUND 66 MILLION YEARS AGO
Dinosaurs ruled and dominated Earth around 66 million years ago, before they suddenly went extinct.
The Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event is the name given to this mass extinction.
It was believed for many years that the changing climate destroyed the food chain of the huge reptiles.
In the 1980s, paleontologists discovered a layer of iridium.
This is an element that is rare on Earth but is found in vast quantities in space.
When this was dated, it coincided precisely with when the dinosaurs disappeared from the fossil record.
A decade later, scientists uncovered the massive Chicxulub Crater at the tip of Mexico’s Yucatán Peninsula, which dates to the period in question.
Scientific consensus now says that these two factors are linked and they were both probably caused by an enormous asteroid crashing to Earth.
With the projected size and impact velocity, the collision would have caused an enormous shock-wave and likely triggered seismic activity.
The fallout would have created plumes of ash that likely covered all of the planet and made it impossible for dinosaurs to survive.
Other animals and plant species had a shorter time-span between generations which allowed them to survive.
There are several other theories as to what caused the demise of the famous animals.
One early theory was that small mammals ate dinosaur eggs and another proposes that toxic angiosperms (flowering plants) killed them off.
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