By Lawrence White and Alexandra Schwarz-Goerlich
LONDON/VIENNA (Reuters) -European banks on Tuesday were bracing for fallout and fresh sanctions after Russia ordered troops into breakaway regions of eastern Ukraine, with HSBC warning of market contagion and Austria's Raiffeisen Bank International readying "crisis plans".
Europe's banks – particularly those in Austria, Italy and France – are the world's most exposed to Russia, and for weeks they have been on high alert should governments impose new sanctions against the country.
The European Union is discussing banning trade in Russian state bonds and sanctioning hundreds of people.
"Russia's aggression against Ukraine is illegal and unacceptable," European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen tweeted. "A first package of sanctions will be formally tabled today."
Britain announced a modest package of sanctions – on five banks and three high net worth individuals – holding off some of its firepower to scale up if the situation escalates.
"It is absolutely vital that we hold in reserve further powerful sanctions … in view of what President (Vladimir) Putin may do next," British Prime Minister Boris Johnson told parliament.
The United States is also preparing a sanctions package.
In an indication of how seriously Western European leaders were treating Russia's latest moves in Ukraine, German Chancellor Olaf Scholz said he was putting on ice the certification of the Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline, an important future energy source for Europe's largest economy.
The boss of HSBC, one of Europe's largest banks, said on Tuesday he was concerned about the risk of "wider contagion" for global markets from the deepening crisis in Ukraine, though the bank's direct exposure was limited.
"It's clear that there is a likelihood of contagion or some second-order effect, but it will depend on the severity of the conflict and the severity of the retaliation if there is a conflict," Noel Quinn told Reuters in an interview.
RBI, which has big operations in Russia and Ukraine, said while business was now normal, "in the event of an escalation, the crisis plans that the bank has been preparing over the past few weeks will come into effect".
Shares in the Austrian lender were down 7% by 1316 GMT.
ING of the Netherlands, which has a large presence in Russia, said: "A further escalating conflict could have major negative consequences."
With policymakers scrambling to put together sanctions packages, Germany's banks said they must ensure that sanctions were "precise and unambiguous", removing any room for interpretation that could make it hard for financial firms to carry them out.
The details are important because non-compliance would risk stiff penalties.
"For banks, it is crucial that sanctions are formulated in a sufficiently precise and unambiguous manner, (and) do not leave any questions open for interpretation," the German banking association said in a statement.
For now, banks are in limbo until sanctions become concrete. "We are monitoring the situation," said a spokesperson with the European Banking Federation in Brussels.
(Additional reporting by Iain Withers and Tommy Reggiori Wilkes in London and Toby Sterling in Amsterdam; Writing by Tom Sims; Editing by Kirsti Knolle, Madeline Chambers and Jan Harvey)
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